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Ethics and motivation can intersect in a variety of ways. The first way in which ethics and motivation intersect is in cases where research participants are hired to participate in the research instead of on a voluntary nature. For example, these research participants are considered guinea pigs and are frequently a substantial amount of money to participate in the research; hence, they are basically motivated by money (Valdman, 2010). As an interchange for money, guinea pigs grant researchers permission to inject them with the latest drugs, regulate their diets, place tubes in the noses and mouths, draw their blood, and surprisingly, on instances, to conduct surgical procedures on them for substantial financial compensations (Valdman, 2010). While money might be the motivating factor for guinea pigs to participate in unpleasant and dangerous research; however, it can be unethical as standard 3.01 speaks against unfair discrimination against research participants based on factors such as socioeconomic status, and standard 3.04 addresses the issue of avoiding harm or minimizing harm to research participants (American Psychological Association, 2011).
Ethics and motivation also intersect in instances where there is a power relationship. For example, students may be motivated to participate in a research conducted by their instructor as they may not only feel obligated to participate, but also provide bias responses that may skew the results of the research. This could also lead to exploitative relationships between the instructor and the students and a violation of ethical code 3.08. Another instance in which ethics and motivation intersect is when research participants are offered incentives to participate in research. For example, although participation in the research might be voluntary, participants might be provided with incentives such as gift cards and such incentives might possibly be considered unethical as they might be regarded as coercive or exploitive methods of recruitments.
References
American Psychological Association (APA). (2011). Ethical principles of psychologists and code of conduct.[Online guide] Retrieved from http://www.apa.org/ethics/code/index.aspx
Valdman, M. (2010). On the morality of Guinea-pig recruitment. Bioethics, 24(6), 287–294.
Retrieved from the Walden Library using the Academic Search Complete database.
